Slab, Beam, Column and Footing

Slab: It is constructed to create flat and useful surfaces such as floors, roofs, and ceilings. It is a horizontal structural component, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or near so.Slabs are supported by beams, columns (concrete or steel), walls, or the ground. The depth of a concrete slab floor is very small compared to its span.

Dead load, live load, floor finish load, snow load, earthquake loads are the loads acting on slabs.

Beam: It is a vertical structure that withstand with vertical loads, shear forces and bending moments. It counter bending moment and shear force. It connects the structure together and provide uniform distribution of loads. According to IS codes the minimum size of the RCC beam should not be less than the 9 ʺ× 9 ʺ.

There are different types of beams such as simply supported beam, continuous beam, fixed beam, cantilever beam and overhanging beam.

There are different types of loads occurring on beam such as self-weight of the beam, dead load, live load and torsional load.

Column: It is the most critical member of the structure. It is the vertical member that carry loads in compression. If any failure occurs in column there will be a chance to collapse building. There are different loads like self-weight of the column, self-weight of beam, total load of slab.

Footing: footings are the structural member which transfer load of the whole superstructure to the underlying soil without exceeding safe bearing capacity. It prevents from excessive settlement of the structure, minimize differential settlement, and to prevent sliding and overturning. Types of loads on footings are dead load, live load, impact load, snow load, wind load, earthquake force, soil pressure, rain load and fluid load.